Implement and update NBSAPs in line with the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets (2).
Environment, other sectors
National
Governance
UBP.TB.ZZ
Planning for biological diversity
Incorporate biodiversity values, ecosystem protection and the “value of nature” into national and regional policies, strategies and programmes, including in public health policies and in national accounting and reporting systems (2).
Health, other sectors
National
Governance
UBP.WJ.ZZ
Policy change in relation to biological diversity
Eliminate or reform incentives, including subsidies that are harmful to biodiversity, including those that promote monoculture production systems (7, 8).
Industry, other sectors
National
Taxes and subsidies
UBP.WG.ZZ
Applying incentives in relation to biological diversity
Implement integrated public health and biodiversity-related interventions for the management of both short- and long- term health risks resulting from biodiversity loss and unsustainable practices (2). Selected examples include (9):
· integrating biodiverse green spaces in urban development;
· improving availability of and accessibility to diverse diets;
· tightening control and rationalizing use of antimicrobial agents, pesticides and other biocides;
· ecosystem-based adaptation, ecosystem-based mitigation and ecosystem-based approaches to disaster risk reduction;
· maximizing the health benefits of exposure to biodiverse environments;
· implementing policies and programmes in line with the One Health approach (human, animal, plant, ecosystem health) (10).
Health, environment
National, community
Universal health coverage
Regulation, other management and control
UBP.WJ.ZZ
Policy change in relation to biological diversity
Implement integrated environment and health surveillance to support timely and evidence-based decisions for the effective identification and management of short and long-term risks to human health posed by ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss (2).
Health, environment
National, community
Universal health coverage
Assessment and surveillance
UBP.VC.ZZ
Public health surveillance in relation to biological diversity
Ensure sufficient financial resources to effectively protect nature and preserve biodiversity and ecosystems (6).
Finance, environment, health
National
Governance
UBP.VA.ZZ
Capacity building in relation to biological diversity
Implement preventive and precautionary strategies and policies and safe minimum standards for sustainably managing ecosystems and for valuing ecosystem services for health (2).
Examples include considerations of the purposeful introduction of invasive alien species, avoidance of high-density monocultures, human activity/settlement adjacent to biodiverse ecosystems, integrated disease surveillance in wildlife, livestock and human populations, ecosystem-based approaches for climate change mitigation and adaptation and disaster risk reduction.
Environment, health
National
Regulation, other management and control
UBP.WI.ZZ
Restrictions through laws or standards in relation to biological diversity
Strengthen international and regional partnerships, joint work programmes and intersectoral collaboration on biodiversity–health linkages (2).
Environment, health
National
Governance
UBP.TD.ZZ
Collaborating in relation to biological diversity
Adopt integrated approaches to health, such as One Health, Ecohealth and Planetary Health, which promote cross- disciplinary and/or cross-sectoral collaborations for health and biodiversity (2).
Health
National
Governance, other management and control
UBP.TD.ZZ
Collaborating in relation to biological diversity
Avoid ecosystem loss and degradation and promote ecosystem integrity and resilience and protection of species (2).
Environment
National, community
Other management and control
UBP.VL.ZZ
Environmental remediation in relation to biological diversity
Reduce the adverse impact on biodiversity and ecosystems from land- use change, loss of natural habitats, overexploitation of nature such as of marine ecosystems, environmental chemical pollution, invasive alien species and climate change (2).
Land use planning, environment, industry, other sectors
National, community
Other management and control
UBP.TD.ZZ&UBG
Collaborating in relation to biological diversity
Human-caused events, not elsewhere specified
+
UBP.TD.ZZ&UAN
Collaborating in relation to biological diversity
Products and technology of land development
Protect and conserve genetic resources (2).
Agriculture, environment
National, community
Regulation, other management and control
UBP.WI.ZZ
Restrictions through laws or standards in relation to biological diversity
+
UBP.WB.ZZ
Restrictions on movement of people or animals in relation to biological diversity
Recognize contribution of genetic resources and traditional knowledge to medicine (2).
Health
Health care
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
UBP.PM.ZZ
Education in relation to biological diversity
Ensure benefit-sharing arising out of the utilization of genetic resources (2, 11).
Benefits derived from the use of genetic resources may include the sharing of the results of research and development carried out on genetic resources, the transfer of technologies which make use of those resources, and participation in biotechnological research activities. Benefits may also be monetary when products based on genetic resources are commercialized.
Industry, agriculture
National
Regulation
UBP.TD.ZZ&PYA
Collaborating in relation to biological diversity
Genome
Limit unnecessary use of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals (2).
Health
Health care, national
Universal health coverage
Regulation
UBP.WF.ZZ#CPC Class 352
Restrictions on the consumption or use of products or services in relation to biological diversity
Pharmaceutical products
Limit or control human–wildlife contact to reduce the risk of infectious diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (2).
Agriculture, forestry, environment, health
Workplace, national, community
Regulation
UBP.WB.ZZ&UBQ
Restrictions on movement of people or animals in relation to biological diversity
Animals as vectors of disease
Strengthen core national capacities that enable health systems to prepare for and effectively respond to public health threats resulting from ecosystem degradation (2).
Health, environment
National
Governance
UBP.VA.ZZ&UEP
Capacity building in relation to biological diversity
Health services, systems and policies
Raise awareness about the health benefits of biodiversity and ecosystem protection (2).
Examples include the positive impacts of biodiversity on:
a. food security and nutrition
b. water supply and other essential ecosystem services
c. pharmaceuticals and traditional medicines
d. mental health and physical and cultural well-being.
Health, environment
National, community
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
UBP.VB.ZZ
Awareness raising in relation to biological diversity
Develop education programmes and training on the importance of health– biodiversity linkages at various levels and the sustainable management of ecosystems for professionals in the health and biodiversity sectors as well as for the public (2).
Health, environment
Health care, national, community
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
UBP.PM.ZZ
Education in relation to biological diversity
Promote lifestyles that contribute to positive health and biodiversity outcomes (2).
Interventions that promote sustainable healthy diets (section 10.2 Healthy diets and the environment) and safe and sustainable mobility (section 9.2 Environments for safe and sustainable transport, active mobility and physical activity) are presented elsewhere in the compendium.
Health, environment
National, community
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
UBP.VB.ZZ&VE1
Awareness raising in relation to biological diversity
Lifestyle behaviours
· WHO/Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity/UNEP 2015:
Connecting global priorities: biodiversity and human health: a state of knowledge review (2)
This review synthesizes the available information on the most important interlinkages between biodiversity, ecosystem stability, nutritional diversity and health.
· Convention on Biological Diversity Secretariat 2013: Quick guides for the Aichi Biodiversity Targets (6)
These guides provide resources, tools and indicators for each target.
· Hesselink et al. 2007: The Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA) programme of the Convention on Biological Diversity provides a toolkit for national focal points and coordinators of NBSAPs (12).
· The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) provides guidance to policymakers for mainstreaming the values of biodiversity and ecosystem services into decision-making at all levels (13).
· UNEP 2012: Global environment outlook 5 (14)
· UNEP 2019: Global environment outlook 6 (15)
· Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services 2019: Global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (3)
· WHO 2020: Guidance on mainstreaming biodiversity for nutrition and health (8)