Strengthen and support implementation of the HiAP approach at the national and subnational level (2, 15, 16) (see also section 13.2 Health in All Policies).
Health, other sectors such as education, land use planning, finance, transport for all governance actions
National
Governance
VEB.WJ.ZZ&UE1
Policy change in relation to physical activity behaviours
Systems, services and policies, unspecified
Build partnerships between the health sector and other relevant sectors such as transport and urban planning (2, 16).
Health, transport, other sectors
National
Governance
VEB.TD.ZZ&UEP&UE1
Collaborating in relation to physical activity behaviours
Health services, systems and policies
Services, systems and policies, unspecified
Support the effective engagement and direct participation of communities in planning and policy development (2, 16).
Health, other sectors
Community, national
Universal health coverage
Governance
VEB.TD.ZZ&XBO8.6
Collaborating in relation to physical activity behaviours
Communities
VEB.VA.ZZ&XBO8.6
Capacity building in relation to physical activity behaviours
Communities
Conduct health, economic and environmental assessments of future and existing policies and interventions (2, 16, 17).
Health, environment:
finance, other sectors
National, community
Universal health coverage
Assessment and surveillance
VEB.AA.ZZ&UE1
Assessments in relation to physical activity behaviours
Services, systems and policies, unspecified
Develop or update national strategies, policies and actions to improve road safety, especially safety of pedestrians and cyclists and other vulnerable groups such as children and older people (2) (14).
Transport, health, other sectors such as education, land use planning, finance, environment
National
Regulation
VCA.WJ.ZZ
Policy change in relation to road safety behaviours
Establish a lead agency on road safety (14).
Transport, health
National
Governance
VCA.VA.ZZ
Capacity building in relation to road safety behaviours
Monitor road traffic deaths, injuries and crashes, risks such as alcohol or drug intake of drivers and protective factors such as average speed, helmet- and seat-belt-wearing rates and use of child restraint systems (14).
Transport, health
National, community Universal health coverage
Assessment and surveillance
VCA.VC.ZZ
Public health surveillance in relation to road safety behaviours
Implement interventions for improving road safety with particular focus on pedestrians and cyclists (2, 7, 18).
Selected key interventions include the following.
· Provide sidewalks and dedicated cycle lanes to separate pedestrians and cyclists from motor traffic.
· Provide crossing enhancements for pedestrians and cyclists.
· Improve walking and cycling infrastructure around educational facilities, public open and green spaces, sports and leisure facilities and public transport hubs.
· Implement and enforce traffic speed limits and other traffic calming interventions such as road-narrowing measures.
· Implement regulations to redistribute the impact of motorized vehicles such as car-free zones, identify hazardous road locations and take corrective measures accordingly.
These engineering interventions need to be accompanied by education and enforcement of for example traffic laws and vehicle safety standards.
Transport, health
National, community
Universal health coverage
Infrastructure, technology and built environment, other management and control
VCA.TK.ZZ
Public facilities or infrastructure development in relation to road safety behaviours
Develop or update policies that promote walking, cycling and nonmotorized transport policies and actions and set time-bound targets (2, 3, 12).
Transport, land use planning
National, community
Governance
VEB.TB.ZZ&UEH&UED
Planning in relation to physical activity behaviours
Transport services, systems and policies
Open space planning services, systems and policies
VEB.WJ.ZZ&UEH&UED
Policy change in relation to physical activity behaviours
Transport services, systems and policies
Open space planning services, systems and policies
Prioritize active and sustainable mobility as preferred mode of travel in relevant transport, spatial and urban planning policies (2, 12).
Transport, land use planning
National, community
Governance
VEB.TA.ZZ&UEH&UED
Advocacy in relation to physical activity behaviours
Transport services, systems and policies
Open space planning services, systems and policies
Ensure integrated transport and urban planning policies that deliver highly connected, mixed-use and compact neighbourhoods that promote and prioritize active mobility (2, 4, 10).
This includes street design and urban development regulations that promote neighbourhoods that offer pedestrian and bicycle access to shops, retail and services, green areas and educational facilities.
Transport, land use planning, other sectors such as health, environment, finance, labour, education
National, community
Governance
VEB.WJ.ZZ&UEH&UED
Policy change in relation to physical activity behaviours
Transport services, systems and policies
Open space planning services, systems and policies
Ensure provision of walking and cycling infrastructure on all streets designed for use by pedestrians and cyclists according to best practice street design standards and guidelines (2).
Walking and cycling infrastructure should comply with the following core principles (7).
· It should be safe and perceived as such under all weather conditions, day and night.
· It should be accessible, forming an uninterrupted network that is linked with public transport services.
· It should be convenient, to allow direct and well-signalled access to homes, shops and workplaces as well as schools, recreation and leisure locations.
· It should be comfortable, to cater to all users, including children and older people.
· It should be attractive, in terms of cleanliness, noise and quality of infrastructure offering pleasant surroundings and well-functioning bicycle parking facilities.
Transport, land use planning
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
VEB.TK.ZZ
Public facilities or infrastructure development in relation to physical activity behaviours
Redistribute space from private motorized transport to support active and more sustainable modes of transport (2).
Transport, land use planning
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
VEB.TK.ZZ&UAN
Public facilities or infrastructure development in relation to physical activity behaviours
Products and technology of land development
Restrict car parking options for private vehicles to provide more public open and green spaces (2, 4).
Transport, land use planning
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
VEB.WF.ZZ#CPC Class 6743
Restrictions on the consumption or use of products or services in relation to physical activity behaviours
Parking lot services
Implement proactive urban planning policies, building design and crime prevention strategies to increase access to and use of green infrastructure and safe public spaces, and to increase active and sustainable mobility (4, 12, 19).
Transport, land use planning, housing, construction
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
VEB.TB.ZZ&UAN&UAM&UEI
Planning in relation to physical activity behaviours
Products and technology of land development
Design, construction and building products and technology of buildings, unspecified
Civil protection services, systems and policies, not elsewhere classified
Ensure access to good-quality public and green open spaces for people of all ages and abilities including safe play areas and sports and recreational spaces for children and young people (2, 19).
Land use planning
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
VEB.TK.ZZ&UAN
Public facilities or infrastructure development in relation to physical activity behaviours
Products and technology of land development
Support people to be physically active through appropriate building design and standards, particularly for all public buildings and education and day-care facilities (2).
Selected proposed actions include
· ensuring prioritized building access by pedestrians, cyclists and public transport;
· providing clean, accessible and safe stairways;
· providing access to public open space;
· limiting car parking options;
· ensuring adequate provision of end-of-trip facilities, such as secure bicycle parking, locker facilities and showers and change rooms.
Building, construction
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
VEB.TA.ZZ&UEQ
Advocacy in relation to physical activity behaviours
Education and training services, systems and policies
Promote walking and cycling through free and accessible public events that foster use of active mobility and green spaces such as by regular closure of road networks to motorized vehicles and walk/cycle to school/work programmes (2, 3).
Health, environment, Land use planning
Community
Universal health coverage
Other management and control
VEB.RG.ZZ&UAN
Provide services for physical activity behaviours
Products and technology of land development
Conduct economic assessments of walking and cycling infrastructure and all developments using HEAT (17).
Health, environment: finance, other sectors
National, community Universal health coverage
Assessment and surveillance
VEB.AA.ZZ&UAN
Assessment in relation to physical activity behaviours
Products and technology of land development
Conduct public campaigns to increase safe behaviours of road users, such as increased use of seat-belts and helmet wearing, and to reduce risky behaviours such as speeding, drinkdriving and the use of mobile devices (2, 7, 18).
Health, transport
Community, national Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
VCA.VB.ZZ
Awareness raising in relation to road safety behaviours
VCA.TA.ZZ
Advocacy in relation to road safety behaviours
Raise awareness for the health benefits and the social, economic and environmental co-benefits of increased walking, cycling and other forms of active mobility (2, 17).
Health, environment
Community, national
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
VEB.VB.ZZ
Awareness raising in relation to physical activity behaviours
VEB.PM.ZZ
Education in relation to physical activity behaviours
Train professionals from different sectors such as health, education, transport and urban planning on the health, social, economic and environmental co-benefits of physical activity, and particularly of more walking, cycling and other forms of active mobility (2).
Health, environment
Community, National
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
VEB.VA.ZZ
Capacity building in relation to physical activity behaviours
VEB.PM.ZZ
Education in relation to physical activity behaviours
Conduct community surveys on perceptions of road safety and walking and cycling to raise awareness of potential obstacles and promote community discussion to determine solutions (3).
Health, environment
Community; national
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
VEB.AA.ZZ&XBO8.6
Assessment in relation to physical activity behaviours
Community
+
VEB.VB.ZZ
Awareness raising in relation to physical activity behaviours
· WHO 2021: Walking and cycling – a toolkit of policy recommendations (3)
· WHO Regional Office for Europe 2020: Moving around during the COVID-19 outbreak (20)
· WHO 2020: Urban health initiative: guidance and tools (16)
· UN-Habitat 2020: Integrating health in urban and territorial planning: sourcebook for urban leaders, health and planning professionals (12)
· WHO 2020: WHO manifesto for a healthy recovery from COVID-19 (21)
· WHO Regional Office for Europe 2019: Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for walking and cycling (17)
The use of HEAT is recommended to support economic assessment of investment in walking and cycling networks and new infrastructure.
· WHO 2018: Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030: more active people for a healthier world (2)
This plan recommends national policy actions and roles for various stakeholders in its Appendix 2.
· WHO 2018: ACTIVE: a technical package for increasing physical activity (22)
· WHO/Finland Ministry of Social Affairs and Health 2014: Health in all policies: Helsinki statement. Framework for country action (15)
This document serves as a “starter’s kit” for applying HiAP in decision-making and implementation at national and subnational levels. It can be easily adapted for use in different country contexts and at regional and global levels.
· WHO 2013: Pedestrian safety: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners (18)
· Dora et al. 2011: Urban transport and health. Sustainable transport: a sourcebook for policy makers in developing countries (4)
· WHO 2011: Health in the green economy. Health co-benefits of climate change mitigation – transport sector (10)