Develop or update water safety policies. Among these are safe boating, shipping and ferry regulations, which may include (25, 26):
· establishing systems that ensure vessel safety, availability of flotation devices in boats, avoidance of overcrowding, and appropriate travel routes and rules;
· laws on alcohol and drug use while boating or swimming;
· occupational safety measures, such as the wearing of personal flotation devices and guard-rails, for example on commercial fishing vessels.
Other water safety policies may include signage and barriers for highrisk locations, risk assessments for recreational water settings (see section 3.2.2 Recreational water) and water safety lessons for schools.
Transport, other sectors such as health, education, migration, land use planning, construction
National
Regulation
VCD.WJ.ZZ
Policy change in relation to water safety behaviours
VCD.WI.ZZ
Restrictions through laws or standards in relation to water safety behaviours
Develop or update national WSPs to build resilience and manage flood risks and other hazards (25, 26).
Water/ sanitation, environment
National
Regulation
CD.TB.ZZ
Planning in relation to water safety behaviours
Provide safe places away from water for preschool children, including (the journey to) schools, child-care settings and recreation and leisure settings (26).
Education
School/childcare settings
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
VCD.TK.ZZ&UEQ
Public facilities or infrastructure development in relation to water safety behaviours
Education and training services, systems and policies
Support safe water systems, such as drainage systems and flood control (25).
Water/ sanitation, environment
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
VCD.TM.ZZ&UAN
Environment modification in relation to water safety behaviours
Products and technology of land development
Install barriers or fencing that control access to water, such as lids or mesh covers for open wells, playpens, doorway barriers and pool fencing in the form of four-sided, child-resistant fences and self-closing gates with safety latches (26).
Housing, construction
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
VCD.TM.ZZ
Environment modification in relation to water safety-related behaviours
Create and maintain safe water zones for recreation (25).
Land use planning
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
VCD.TK.ZZ
Public facilities or infrastructure development in relation to water safety behaviours
Establish supervised child-care programmes (25).
Education
School/childcare settings
Other management and control
VCD.RG.ZZ
Providing services in relation to water safety behaviours
Raise awareness of drowning to highlight the particular risks of children, as well as to signpost dangerous areas and pre-position rescue equipment (25).
Health, development
Community, national
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
VCD.VB.ZZ
Awareness raising in relation to water safety behaviours
Implement individual and community education programmes on drowning risks and safety regulations (25).
Health, education
Community, national
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
VCD.PM.ZZ&XBO8.1&XBO8.6
Education in relation to water safety behaviours
Individual
Community
Implement training on basic swimming and water safety skills for school-age children (26).
Education
Community, national
Information, education and communication
VCD.PM.ZZ
Education to influence water safety-related behaviours
Train the public in safe rescue and resuscitation (25).
Education, health
Community, national
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
VCD.PH.ZZ
Training to influence water safety-related behaviours
VCD.PM.ZZ
Education to influence water safety-related behaviours
Raise awareness about the importance of emptying or covering standing water and containers such as wells, tanks, cisterns and baths (25).
Health
Community, national
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
VCD.VB.ZZ
Awareness raising in relation to water safety-related behaviours
· WHO 2017: Preventing drowning: an implementation guide (26) includes a situationa assessment tool
· WHO/CDC 2001: Injury surveillance guidelines (24 These are guidelines to assess data on injuries that will help to develop effective prevention strategies in countries.