Develop or update national food-based dietary guidelines through the full integration of environmental sustainability elements in each of the guideline’s recommendations, according to national contexts (11).
Health, agro-food, environment
National
Regulation
VEA.WJ.ZZ
Policy change in relation to eating behaviours
Integrate sustainable healthy diets in existing food systems (11). Possible actions include the following.
· Support the production, processing, distribution, labelling, marketing and consumption of foods that contribute to sustainable healthy diets (such as plant- based foods and unprocessed foods).
· Align food policies across sectors, such as health, agriculture, education, environment, water and trade.
· Collect information on current diets across different population groups.
· Identify availability of different foods, mismatches in food supply and demand, and required changes in the existing food system.
· Improve access to local healthy food choices (13).
· Implement restrictions on unhealthy food in and around open public spaces, schools and sports facilities (13).
· Pay special attention to the poor and their access to healthy and sustainable food.
· Develop national food-based dietary guidelines that define context-specific sustainable healthy diets.
· Minimize the use of antibiotics and hormones in food production.
· Minimize the use of plastics and derivatives in food packaging.
Health, agro-food, environment
National
Regulation, taxes and subsidies
VEA.TB.ZZ
Planning in relation to eating behaviours
Improve storage, preservation, transport and distribution technologies and infrastructure to reduce seasonal food insecurity, food and nutrient loss and waste (9).
Agro-food
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
UAB.VA.ZZ#ISIC Class 5210#ISIC Class 4923
Capacity building in relation to food Warehousing and storage
Freight transport by road
+
UAB.TK.ZZ#ISIC Class 5210#ISIC Class 4923
Public facilities or infrastructure development in relation to food
Warehousing and storage
Freight transport by road
Support the diversification of crops including underutilized traditional crops, applying sustainable food production and natural resource management practices (14, 15).
Agro-food, environment
National, community
Taxes and subsidies, other management and control
UGR.VA.ZZ&UBO
Capacity building in relation to agriculture
Soil quality
Support agrobiodiversity and the use of integrated pest management to reduce the need for chemical pesticides and herbicides (15).
Agro-food, environment
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
UGR.VA.ZZ&UGL
Capacity building interventions in relation to agriculture
Chemicals and chemical products
Support healthy soils/healthy soil management (15).
This can be achieved through the following examples.
· Use cover crops, legumes, composting and agroforestry.
· Curb land clearing.
· Prevent further land degradation and loss of soil fertility (e.g. through reduced monocultures and increased crop rotation).
Agro-food, environment
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
UGR.VB.ZZ&UAN
Awareness raising in relation to agriculture
Products and technology of land development
Support and enhance sustainable local food production and processing, especially by small-holder and family farmers (15).
Agro-food, environment
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment; taxes and subsidies
UGR.VA.ZZ&UAB&XB O8.2
Capacity building in relation to agriculture
Food
Family
Preserve fish habitats and support sustainable fisheries (15).
• Maintain/restore catchment vegetation to reduce runoff erosion.
• Reduce water pollution from for example industry and urban areas.
• Restrict destructive fishing methods.
Agro-food, environment
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment, taxes and subsidies
UAB.TM.ZZ#ISIC Division 03
Environmental modification in relation to food
Fisheries
Educate consumers about healthy and sustainable food (11).
Agro-food, health, environment
National, community
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
VEA.PM.ZZ
Education to influence eating behaviours
Promote sustainable healthy diets that are high in whole grains, pulses, a variety of fruits and vegetables, and nuts and seeds; low in energy-intensive animal-sourced and discretionary foods (such as sugary beverages); and with a carbohydrate threshold (11, 16).
Health, food
National, community
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
VEA.VB.ZZ
Awareness raising to influence eating behaviours
VEA.PM.ZZ
Education in relation to eating behaviours
Promote healthy dietary changes towards less emission-intensive food products (9, 16). Key messages may include the following.
• Reduce the consumption of meat, other animal-sourced foods and processed foods, while increasing the consumption of unprocessed and plantbased foods such as whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds.
• Buy and consume locally produced food.
Health, environment, food
National, community
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
UGR.VR.ZZ&VEA
Reducing emissions in relation to agriculture
Eating behaviours
Raise awareness about the benefits of local food production related to community development, climate change and health and provide appropriate training on local food production (15).
Health, environment, food
National community
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
UGR.VB.ZZ&SXB&UBS
Awareness raising in relation to agriculture
Engaging in community life
Climate change