Develop or update policies and strategies
to meet the following device and fuel emission rate targets for household fuel
combustion (51):
PM2.5 (unvented): 0.23 m
PM2.5 (vented): 0.80 m
Carbon monoxide 0.16 g (unvented):
Carbon monoxide (vented): 0.59 g
Where intermediate steps are necessary, transition fuels and technologies that
offer substantial health benefits should be prioritized.
Environment, health
National
Regulation
UBL.WJ.ZZ&UGD&UGE
Policy change to improve indoor air quality
Coal and coke
Refined petroleum products
UBL.WI.QD&UGD&UGE
Restrictions through enactment of laws or standards to improve indoor air quality
Coal and coke
Refined petroleum products
Establish effective mechanisms for policy coordination at government level, to address the challenge of taking action by multiple sectors to address household energy (51).
Environment, Health, other sectors
National
Governance
UBL.VA.ZZ&UGD&UGE
Capacity building interventions to improve indoor air quality
Coal and coke
Refined petroleum products
Conduct systematic monitoring and evaluation of policies that promote progress towards cleaner fuels and technologies for household energy (51).
Environment, Health, other sectors
National
Assessment and surveillance
UBL.AA.ZZ&UBV&UGD&UGE
Assessment to improve indoor air quality
Air pollution
Coal and coke
Refined petroleum products
Support implementation of clean cooking
solutions: a combination of fuel and technology for cooking that is considered
clean for health.
A cooking device burning biomass is classified as clean if it meets the
emission rate targets in the WHO Guidelines for indoor air quality:
household fuel combustion, according to the international laboratory
testing protocol and tested by a third party (21, 51, 52).
Health, Environment, Energy, industry
National; community
Universal health coverage
Taxes and subsidies; infrastructure, technology and built environment; regulation
UBL.VR.ZZ&UGJ#CPC Class 4482
Reducing emissions to improve indoor air quality
Renewable energy sources
Domestic cooking and heating equipment, non-electric
Support implementation of clean space heating solutions – a
combination of fuel and technology that is considered clean for health.
A heating device burning biomass is classified as clean if it meets the
emission rate targets in the WHO Guidelines for indoor air quality: household
fuel combustion, according to the international laboratory testing protocol and
tested by a third party (21, 51, 52).
Health, industry, environment
National; community
Universal health coverage
Taxes and subsidies; regulation
UBL.VR.ZZ&UGJ#CPC Class 4482
Reducing emissions to improve indoor air quality
Renewable energy sources
Domestic cooking and heating equipment, non-electric
Support implementation of clean lighting solutions – a combination of fuel and technology that is considered clean for health (21, 51, 52).
Health, environment
National; community
Universal health coverage
Taxes and subsidies; regulation
UBL.VR.ZZ&UGJ&UBH
Reducing emissions to improve indoor air quality
Renewable energy sources
Light
UBL.WG.ZZ&UGJ&UBH
Applying incentives to improve indoor air quality
Renewable energy sources
Light
Restrict using unprocessed7 coal as a household fuel (51).
Health, environment
National; community
Universal health coverage
Regulation
UBL.WF.ZZ&UGD
Restrictions on the consumption or use of products or services to improve indoor air quality
Coal and coke
Discourage use of kerosene as a household fuel until data show its safety (51).
Health, environment
National; community
Universal health coverage
Regulation; information, education and communication
UBL.WF.ZZ&UGE
Restrictions on the consumption of products or services to improve indoor air quality
Refined petroleum products
UBL.VB.ZZ&UGE
Awareness raising to improve indoor air quality
Refined petroleum products
Improve energy efficiency of household appliances, buildings, lighting, heating and cooling (21).
Housing, industry, energy
National; community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
UBL.RD.ZZ#CPC Group 448
Provision of products or technology to improve indoor air quality
Domestic appliances and parts thereof
Encourage solar and wind-based electricity; support installation of rooftop solar panels (21, 52).
Housing, industry, energy
National; community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
UBL.TA.ZZ&UGJ
Advocacy to improve indoor air quality
Renewable energy sources
Subsidize or exempt tax on cleaner fuels and improved technologies for household cooking, heating and lighting (52).
Finance, environment: other sectors
National; community
Taxes and subsidies
UBL.WG.QF&UGJ&SO2
Economic incentives to improve indoor air quality
Renewable energy sources
Household tasks
Foster consumer credit/lease arrangements for cook-stove purchases (52).
Finance, industry
National; community
Taxes and subsidies
UBL.WG.QF#CPC Group 448
Economic incentives to improve indoor air quality
Domestic appliances and parts thereof
Make available microfinance schemes to help entrepreneurs and small businesses set up kiosks to sell or service cleaner technologies, such as solar light charging points (52).
Finance, industry
National; community
Taxes and subsidies
UBL.VA.ZZ#CPC Group 448
Capacity building interventions to improve indoor air quality
Domestic appliances and parts thereof
+
UBL.WG.QF#CPC Group 448
Economic incentives to improve indoor air quality
Domestic appliances and parts thereof
Develop/adopt standards for laboratory testing of cook- stoves, including PM and carbon monoxide emissions and safety (which are in line with the WHO Guidelines for indoor air quality: household fuel combustion (51)), such as Household air pollution: interventions & tools (52) or ISO 19867-1:2018 (53).
Health, industry, environment
National
Regulation
UBL.WJ.ZZ#CPC Class 4482
Policy change concerning indoor air quality
Domestic cooking and heating equipment, non-electric
+
UBL.WI.QD#CPC Class 4482
Restrictions through enactment of laws or standards to improve indoor air quality
Domestic cooking and heating equipment, non-electric
Implement third-party emission rate testing before promoting a technology or fuel, optimally including measuring of actual air pollution levels during everyday use in homes (51).
Health, environment
National
Regulation
UBL.VR.ZZ
Reducing emissions to improve indoor air quality
+
UBL.VC.ZZ
Public health surveillance concerning indoor air quality
Reduce the need for extra heating or cooling by designing homes that utilize passive heating and cooling principles (52).
Housing: construction
National, community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
UBL.RD.ZZ&UAL&UBE
Providing goods to improve indoor air quality
Design, construction and building products and technology of buildings for private use
Climate
Incorporate adequate ventilation sources into homes to vent smoke from cooking, heating and lighting activities (52).
Housing: construction
National; community
Infrastructure, technology and built environment
UBL.RD.ZZ&UAL
Providing goods to improve indoor air quality
Design, construction and building products and technology of buildings for private use
Encourage health-protective behaviour appropriate to the local setting, such as cooking outdoors, improving ventilation, spending less time close to the smoky cooking and heating hearths, drying fuel wood before use and using lids on pots to shorten cooking time (31).
Health
National; community
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
UBL.VB.ZZ&UAD
Awareness raising concerning indoor air quality
Products and technology for personal use in daily living
UBL.PM.ZZ&UAD
Education about indoor air quality
Products and technology for personal use in daily living
Promote replacing traditional household solid fuel cook-stoves with lower-emission cook-stoves (37, 51, 54).
Health, environment
National; community
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
UBL.TA.ZZ#CPC Class 4822
Advocacy concerning indoor air quality
Domestic cooking and heating equipment, non-electric
Conduct awareness raising activities to promote behaviour change for use of cleaner technologies and fuel use (51, 55).
Health, environment
National; community
Universal health coverage
Information, education and communication
UBL.VB.ZZ&UAD
Awareness raising concerning indoor air quality
Products and technology for personal use in daily living
Implement labelling scheme for cooking devices and fuels with information for consumers on whether device emissions are safe for health (51).
Health, environment
National
Information, education and communication
UBL.VB.ZZ#CPC Class 4822
Awareness raising concerning indoor air quality
Domestic cooking and heating equipment, non-electric